If your research has led you to two different methods of addressing hard water problems, you may have come across salt-based softeners, as well as salt-free conditioners. They both aim to solve the same problem - too much calcium and magnesia - but they do it differently, with different costs, maintenance requirements, and results. The right choice depends on your priorities: cost, taste and maintenance, simplicity, or coverage of the entire house.
Water softeners that use ion exchange replace hardness minerals with sodium. Technically, this can produce "soft" drinking water. However, it also has some downsides. Electrical connections, plumbing modifications, a drain to backwash, regular salt purchases, and regular servicing are required. You also have to consider the taste and mineral content in your water. In some cases, the removal of minerals may be required. For most homeowners, however, ongoing costs and maintenance is a major drawback.
Salt-free conditioners, in contrast, don't remove minerals. The conditioners condition the water by reducing hardness ions. This prevents them from adhering to surfaces or forming limescale. Water that is "soft" on your skin, hair and taps will feel better, as well as in washing machines and geysers. It does not add sodium or change the taste.
The tank-based conditioners are easy to install and treat water directly at the source, for your whole home. They don't require electricity, plumbing modifications, or any regular maintenance, other than an annual replacement.
Consider the impact on a daily basis. Conditioners help soaps and moisturizers to absorb better and keep shower glasses clean. Geysers are heated more quickly, and dishwashers and washing machines perform at their best. Service visits are rarer. The system is passive and works in the tank. There's no need to refill or reset.
The costs tell the whole story. Installation of a softener is expensive upfront. You'll also incur costs for salt and maintenance. The cost of a conditioner is only one per year and it's designed to provide whole-house benefits for a lower price.
For homes using borewell or well water--where hardness is common and municipal chlorination is limited--conditioning offers the easiest way to achieve consistent results.
Which option is best for you? Softeners are a good option if you want to remove minerals and don't care about a complicated setup. A salt-free conditioner will provide you with more comfort and reduce chores while protecting your appliances.